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| Attribute | ||
|---|---|---|
Research Summary | NAD+ is the raw fuel your cells use to stay alive. As we get older, our gas tank runs low, causing us to feel tired and age faster. Giving the body NAD+ refills the tank, turning back the clock on aging and energy. | MOTS-c is known as the "exercise in a bottle" peptide. It targets your muscles and tells them to process sugar and burn fat as if you were running a marathon, boosting massive stamina and energy. |
Studied For | Aging / cellular senescenceMitochondrial / metabolic dysfunctionNeurodegeneration modelsSirtuin activation (SIRT1-7)DNA repair (PARP activation)Addiction / substance withdrawal researchChronic fatigue / energy restorationAlzheimer's and Parkinson's researchAlcohol use disorder detoxMetabolic syndromeInsulin resistanceCardiovascular disease modelsExercise performance and enduranceInflammation modulationNAD metabolism optimizationLongevity researchNAMPT upregulationCognitive enhancementDepression researchenergy productionanti-aginglongevitymitochondrial functionsirtuin activatoraddiction recoverybrain fog | Metabolic homeostasisInsulin resistance / obesityExercise-mimetic researchAMPK activationGlucose metabolismSkeletal muscle uptakeLongevity and agingInflammation regulationMitochondrial stress responseObesity researchType 2 diabetes modelsMenopause-related metabolic changesNAD metabolismFolate-methionine cycleMitochondrial communicationPhysical endurance researchMetabolic flexibilitymetabolic regulationenergy boostAMPK activatorweight lossinsulin sensitivityexercise endurancemitochondrial function |
Research Areas | LongevityMetabolicMitochondrial FunctionCognitiveImmune | MetabolicMitochondrial FunctionPerformance & MuscleWeight Management & Fat LossLongevity |
Best Stacked With | ss-31mots-cepithalonglutathioneb125-amino-1mq | nad-plusss-31aicarl-carnitinebac-water |
Overview | ||
Category | Anti-Aging & Longevity | Weight Loss & Metabolism |
Compound Class | Essential coenzyme (dinucleotide); critical redox electron carrier in all living cells | Mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within 12S rRNA of mitochondrial genome |
Molecular Target | Sirtuin deacetylases (SIRT1-7); PARP1 for DNA repair; CD38/CD157 signaling; NADH/NAD+ redox balance in mitochondria | AMPK activation; folate-methionine cycle; AICAR-independent AMPK signaling; nuclear translocation for gene expression regulation |
Aliases / AKA | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotideNADNAD+ coenzymeNAD plusBeta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotideNAD IV therapy | Mitochondrial ORF of 12S rRNA type-cMOTS cMOTS-c peptideMitochondrial peptide MOTS-cMitokine MOTS-c12S rRNA-encoded peptide |
Parent Compound | Endogenous coenzyme | Mitochondrial MT-RNR1 |
Molecular Weight | 663.43 Da | 2174.6 Da |
Amino Acid Sequence | dinucleotide | MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR |
CAS Number | 53-84-9 | 1627580-64-6 |
Year Discovered | Not Listed | Not Listed |
Pro-Angiogenic | No | No |
GLP-1 Class | No | No |
Purity | Not Listed | Not Listed |
Identity | ||
Evidence Tier | ||
Risk Level | ||
PubMed Citations | 85,150 Extensive | 244 Good |
Clinical Trials | 281281 Active | 66 Active |
Regulatory Status | Not FDA-approved (compounded injectable); oral precursors sold as supplements. | Not FDA-approved; research chemical; WADA-prohibited (2024). |
Evidence & Regulatory | ||
Half-Life | ~2-4 hours | ~30 minutes |
Typical Frequency | Not Listed | Not Listed |
Administration Route | Injection Only | Injection Only |
Mechanism / PK | Not Listed | Not Listed |
Reported Findings | Animal and precursor human studies support raising NAD+ for mitochondrial and sirtuin function. Direct injectable NAD+ human efficacy is sparse and uncontrolled; preliminary. | Mouse and in vitro studies show improved metabolic homeostasis and reduced obesity and insulin resistance. Controlled human therapeutic trials are lacking. |
Side Effects Noted | Rapid IV infusion commonly causes chest tightness, flushing, nausea, and cramping that are rate-dependent and eased by slow infusion. Injection-site reactions for subcutaneous use. | No well-characterized human adverse-event profile; human safety is not established. |
Warnings | Compounded injectable; not FDA-approved; parenteral pharmacokinetics are poorly characterized. | Not approved. WADA-prohibited effective 2024 (relevant for competitive athletes). Evidence is predominantly preclinical. Research use only. |
Pharmacology | ||
Form | lyophilized | lyophilized |
Diluent | sterile water; dilute and infuse slowly for IV | bacteriostatic or sterile water |
Storage Temp | cold, dark, often -20C | frozen/refrigerated, dark |
Light Sensitive | Yes | Yes |
Freeze / Thaw | avoid | avoid |
Handling Notes | Hygroscopic; reconstituted solution is unstable. | Two methionines are oxidation-prone. |
Reconstituted Shelf Life | 7 Days Refrigerated | 28 Days Refrigerated |
Handling & Storage | ||
Pep Nation Lab's comparison tool puts research-grade peptides and compounds head to head - mechanism of action, molecular target, evidence tier, molecular weight, sequence, half-life, and documented research focus - so qualified researchers can evaluate the differences that matter. Every data point is drawn from a referenced monograph. For in vitro laboratory research use only.
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A potent versus a highly selective ghrelin-receptor secretagogue.
Two GHRH analogs with contrasting half-life profiles.
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Two metabolic research compounds targeting mitochondrial and NNMT pathways.
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Two thymic immune-modulating research peptides.
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Browse the full research catalog or the A To Z index to compare any compound.
Any research-grade compound in the library can be placed side by side - up to four at a time. The tool compares mechanism of action, molecular target, evidence tier, molecular weight, amino acid sequence, reported half-life, and what each compound has been studied for, all drawn from referenced monographs.
The evidence tier reflects how extensively a compound has been studied in the referenced literature, from early preclinical signals through to compounds with human clinical data. It is a research-quality signal only, never a safety or efficacy endorsement.
Each comparison page is generated from the same referenced compound database - a genuine side-by-side of mechanism, identity, pharmacokinetics, and evidence, plus data-derived key differences. They are curated, not auto-generated thin pages.
No. Every comparison is for in vitro laboratory research use only. Nothing here is medical advice, a treatment recommendation, or dosing guidance, and no product is for human or animal consumption.
